You might recall that during the Olympics, American gymnast Stephen Nedoroscik (better known as Pommel Horse Guy) was the hero of STEM types everywhere when it was revealed that, as a Rubik’s Cube enthusiast, he prepared for competition by solving the cube in 8.5 seconds.

That is incredibly fast, and the world record of 3.13 seconds, by Max Park is faster still. But those times pale in comparison to the speed of the robot developed by a team of students from Purdue University’s Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering. They’ve built a machine (dubbed Purdubik’s Cube) whose solution time is approaching zero: 0.103 seconds, and they’re hoping to tweak it further to get that time below a tenth of a second.

According to the esteemed beer purveyors at Guinness, whose world record authority is renowned, the Purdue team’s robot now holds the Guinness World Record for “Fastest robot to solve a puzzle cube." For reference, that’s quicker than the blink of an eye, which takes two or three tenths of a second and crushes the previous official record of 0.305 seconds, which was set by a team of Mitsubishi Electric professional engineers in May 2024.



The Purdue undergrads who bested the Mitsubishi pros are Junpei Ota, Aden Hurd, Matthew Patrohay, and Alex Berta. They met while participating in Purdue’s co-op program for work rotations. “It helped us build not only the friendships that led to this collaboration but also the professional and technical skills we needed to actually pull it off,” said Hurd, demonstrating some of the many benefits of co-oping for engineering students. This real-world experience also helped them secure corporate sponsorships to support the project.

Team member Patrohay’s motivational fire to take on this challenge goes back to his high school years. “Back in high school, I saw a video of MIT students solving the cube in 380 milliseconds. I thought, ‘That’s a really cool project. I’d love to try and beat it someday.,’” he recalled. “Now here I am at Purdue—proving we can go even faster.”

The team unveiled their project at Purdue’s SPARK annual student design competition in December 2024 and continued refining the robot after the event. Purdue’s robot uses machine vision for color recognition, custom solving algorithms optimized for execution time, and industrial-grade motion control hardware from Kollmorgen. Its movement is programmed to maximize acceleration, deceleration, and mechanical efficiency.

“Before you realize we’ve solved it, we’ve solved it,” observed Patrohay. “Before you realize it is moving, we’ve solved it.”

While the Kollmorgen robotic hardware could still go faster, the plastic cube itself is the obstacle. “The cubes are really the biggest limitation at this point,” he explained in the team’s YouTube video. “The cubes themselves just kind of disintegrate. Pieces just snap in half and fall apart.”

The solution is obviously more engineering. “We did a lot of mechanical optimization inside the Rubik’s Cube,” Patrohay continued. “We designed a custom internal core that holds all the pieces together stronger because the original one was very weak. There’s a lot of optimization inside each center piece to ensure we don’t slip or turn-in-places don’t happen. The design was able to bring together all of our knowledge from other course work.”

Observers can try their best to befuddle Purdubik’s Cube by scrambling the cube themselves through Bluetooth-enabled Smart Cube. Of course, the robot solves the cube instantly once the scramble is complete.

“What I really love about it is that senior design allowed us to bring together everything we’ve learned,” said Patrohay. “From our freshman year on, you build skills—but this project showed how they all come together to create something meaningful.”

“This achievement isn’t just about breaking a record, it pushes the boundaries of what synthetic systems can do,” said Nak-seung Patrick Hyun, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering, who mentored the student team. “It brings us closer to understanding ultra-fast coordinated control systems like those found in nature.”

As autonomous vehicles become increasingly popular in San Francisco, some riders are wondering just how far they can push the vehicles’ limits—especially with no front-seat driver or chaperone to discourage them from questionable behavior.

For some, that’s a welcome invitation to test the autonomous vehicles’ limits. Megan, a woman in her 20s, took her first robotaxi ride on a recent late-night excursion. It was also her first time having sex in a driverless vehicle. She is not providing exact dates of the riders’ debauchery to protect her privacy...

“We got in and just got straight to it, making out,” said Megan, who got into the Cruise wearing nothing but a robe. “One thing led to another, and he made sure that I was taken care of, if you will. … I was like, ‘I have no underwear on, and I am ready to go in this kimono.’ And I was using his slippers that were like five sizes too big.”

Her accomplice? A man in his 30s, whom I’ll call Alex. By his estimates, Alex has performed at least six separate sex acts in robotaxis, ranging from impromptu make-out sessions to “full-on sex, no boundaries activities” a total of three times in a Cruise car.

“I mean, there’s no one to tell you, ‘You can’t do that,’” he said, laughing. “It gets to the point where you’re more and more and more comfortable, and if you’re with someone, like a more serious partner, it can escalate to other activities.”

I had spoken to four separate Cruise car riders who said they’ve had sex or hooked up in the driverless vehicles in San Francisco over recent months and have provided ride receipts. Also I was unable to find a source who said they’d had sex in a Waymo.

“The vast majority of our riders are respectful and follow our rider rules,” a Waymo spokesman said.

It’s not the first time this creative use of self-driving cars has come up: After Tesla released its autopilot feature nearly a decade ago, CEO Elon Musk went viral for reacting to a Pornhub video of a couple having sex in a Tesla while it was driving on autopilot.

Turns out these rumblings of covert robocar hook-ups might have some basis in science: A little-known 2018 study predicted that more autonomous vehicles would mean more sex on the road—and potentially other unseemly behaviors you likely wouldn’t want your Uber driver to bear witness to.

“It seems like I’m a trailblazer,” Alex said. “It’s also fun to realize that this is like the first place you can do this in the country—the first autonomous vehicles that exist.”

The rules and regulations surrounding robotaxis are murky, largely because the industry is so new. Here’s what you can and can’t do in a robotaxi, according to Cruise and Waymo experts, and a couple who has tested the limits of autonomous vehicle debauchery.

How much can you get away with in an autonomous vehicle if they’re effectively window-covered hotel rooms on wheels full of cameras that never stop recording?

“It was really funny because the Cruise got quite hot and fogged up to the point that the windshield was completely fogged over—in any other context, in any other vehicle, that would be an actual problem,” Alex said.

Unfortunately for the debaucherous among us, robotaxi companies currently use pretty extensive camera surveillance inside and outside of their cars.

“We record video inside of the car for added safety and support,” Cruise states on its website. “If something happened during your ride, we might review the recording to better understand what happened. We only record audio during active support calls.”

The company also told that it is in the “early stages” of developing new sensor features in its Origin cars—the larger, bus-like vehicles—that can detect trash or items left behind.

A Waymo spokesperson said its team might review recordings if there are concerns about cleanliness, safety, crashes or missing items. Yet these surveillance tactics have been met with resistance, particularly from those concerned about how the private companies will use footage collected from previous rides. In San Francisco, police have already made requests for driverless car footage from Waymo and Cruise to help solve crimes, according to Bloomberg reporting.

“I definitely have had anxiety post-situation the next day being like, ‘Oh that wasn’t the best idea,’” Alex said. “There’s a concern you might receive an email or contact from Cruise” banning users from the system.

Of course, whatever happens inside a Cruise car is largely visible to bystanders who can peer into the robotaxi’s fishbowl-like cab. Megan said that during their robotaxi tryst, once their car took a spin through Golden Gate Park, the recently set-up stage lights for Outside Lands lit up the couple and their “activities.”

“In one instance, an individual outside of the car, in another car, looked in and basically had an understanding of what was happening—and he smiled,” Alex said. “It was not like a negative reaction; it was almost humorous. Certain people have a different threshold of concerns about public ‘situations.’”

But where there’s a will, there’s a way. The 2018 study about sex in autonomous vehicles notes that even as self-driving vehicle companies scale up their surveillance tactics, the truly savvy will always find a way around it—especially in privately owned cars.

“While autonomous vehicles will likely be monitored to deter passengers having sex or using drugs in them, and to prevent violence, such surveillance may be rapidly overcome, disabled or removed,” the study said. “Private autonomous vehicles may also be put to commercial use, as it is just a small leap to imagine Amsterdam’s Red Light District ‘on the move.’”

When asked, both Cruise and Waymo sidestepped commenting directly on what is or isn’t allowed in their cars. Megan and Alex, on the other hand, knew what they were up to wasn’t exactly in the terms and conditions.

“Was it the most comfortable? Was it the most ideal? Probably not,” Megan said. “But the fact that we were out and about in public, the whole taboo of it being kind of wrong made it more fun and exciting.”

Cruise, for example, pleads riders to not do anything in an AV that would “potentially make others uncomfortable” and to avoid activity that could be classified as “threatening, confrontational, discriminatory, harassing, disrespectful, offensive or inappropriate toward others,” according to its terms of service.

“We’re working hard to make sure our service is safe, clean, and open to everyone, and riders agree to do their part when they sign up to use our service,” a Cruise spokesperson said. “We will take appropriate action against anyone who violates those guidelines,” which could include suspending or terminating their Cruise accounts.

Still, it appears most of what you can and cannot do in a regular taxicab is also allowed in a Cruise or Waymo: Both companies permit eating in their cars, though the two companies say riders may have to pay an extra service fee if they leave the robotaxis trashed or dirty.

“Waymo One riders are allowed to eat and drink nonalcoholic beverages during their rides,” a Waymo spokesperson said. “There is a reasonable expectation of cleanliness from riders to not leave trash or debris, but the occasional crumbs are human nature.”

Cruise and Waymo like to tout that their cars will never drive drunk, high, or impaired—a position Cruise, in particular, has plugged in its partnership with Mothers Against Drunk Driving.

But what about passengers?

The state vehicle code is pretty clear on that front: Drivers and passengers are prohibited from drinking alcohol, smoking marijuana or possessing open containers of either substance in cars while on public roads.

A small loophole may exist Under California law: open-container laws do not apply to passengers in a “bus, taxicab, or limousine for hire.” Cruise received permits to operate paid rides in 2022, effectively making its cars driverless taxicabs. Yet the company has apparently cracked down on users its cameras have caught drinking in its vehicles.

One such passenger, a writer with popular tech social media account Whole Mars Catalog, apparently received a slap on the wrist—a written warning from Cruise—for drinking a beer can in the back seat of a Cruise car.

Waymo also explicitly prohibits substance use in its vehicles, “including bringing an open container” on board, the company states on its support site. Though this could easily be a rule required only by the private company, Waymo and other driverless car companies on Thursday won state approval to operate across San Francisco 24/7 and charge passengers for rides.

The California Highway Patrol, which regulates the state vehicle code, was unable to confirm how the code applies to robotaxis.

Both companies also urge riders not to smoke or vape in their cars, and animals are unfortunately not allowed in either’s vehicles.

As for our adventurous couple, Alex and Megan, they said they’d do it all over again.

“I was just along for the ride,” Megan said. “Literally.”